Everything about The Russian Geographical Society totally explained
The
Russian Geographical Society is a
learned society, founded on
6 August,
1845 in
Saint Petersburg,
Russia.
Imperial Geographical Society
Prior to the
Russian Revolution of 1917, it was known as the Imperial Russian Geographical Society.
Founding members of the Society included
Fyodor Litke,
Fyodor Wrangel,
Vladimir Dahl,
Vladimir Odoyevsky,
Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, and
Karl Ernst von Baer, among others.
The Society's official presidents were
Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia in 1845-92 and
Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich of Russia in 1892-1917, but actually it was run by the Vice-Presidents: Fyodor Litke (1845-50, 1855-57), Count
Mikhail Muravyov (1850-57),
Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky (1873-1914), and
Yuly Shokalsky (1914-31).
The Imperial Society comprised four departments, specializing in
physical geography,
mathematical geography,
ethnography, and
statistics. The filial societies were established at the Caucasus (1850), Irkutsk (1851), Vilnius (1867), Orenburg (1868), Kiev (1873), Omsk (1877), and other cities.
The Society organized and funded the expeditions of
Pyotr Kropotkin, Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky,
Nikolai Przhevalsky,
Nikolai Miklukho-Maklai,
Pyotr Kozlov,
Vladimir Obruchev, and
Lev Berg. It helped set up the first
polar stations in
Russia and was one of the first to publish detailed studies of the
Russian folklore and Ukrainian fairs.
The Society pioneered the systematic exploration of the Northern
Urals in 1847-50, of the farthest reaches of the
Amur River in 1854-63, of the vast areas of
Kashgaria,
Dzungaria, and
Mongolia from the 1870s onward.
All-Union Geographical Society
The Society changed its name to the State Geographical Society in 1926 and to the Geographical Society of the USSR in 1938. After Shokalsky its presidents were
geneticist Nikolai Vavilov (1931-40),
zoologist Lev Berg (1940-1950),
parasitologist Evgeny Pavlovsky (1952-64),
glaciologist Stanislav Kalesnik (1964-77),
polar explorer Aleksei Treshnikov (1977-91). The Society has convened numerous congresses and has awarded four types of medals, named after Litke, Semyonov, Przhevalsky, and
Semen Dezhnev. By 1970, it had published more than 2,000 volumes of geographical literature, including the annual
Zapiski (since 1846) and
Izvestiya (since 1865). It reverted to its original name upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The main offices of the Society are in St. Petersburg.
Further Information
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